There are two ways to achieve page breaks:

Use Divider Tag

To manually insert page breaks, you can use the Divider tag ----. Some export styles, like “Swiss Knife,” will then insert a page break when exporting. However, for styles like Papers, you’ll need to modify the style sheet for this to work. 

To do this, locate paragraph-divider in the style sheet and adjust it as follows:

paragraph-divider 
                	page-break: after
                }

Use Automatic Rules

You can also set up automatic rules so that, for example, every level 2 heading is preceded by a page break. To do this, find heading-2 in the style sheet and add the line page-break: before as shown here:

heading-2 
                	font-size:     24pt
                	line-height:   28pt
                	margin-top:    7mm
                	margin-bottom: 5mm
                	page-break:    before
                }

A common style for novels is to start a new chapter in the lower half of the page. This can be done by adjusting the margins.

Locate the heading where you want to add a margin and set margin-top to your desired size:

heading-1 {
                	font-size:				32pt
                	font-weight:			bold
                	line-height:			2em
                	margin-top:				300pt
                	margin-bottom:			30pt
                }

To indent the first line of the first paragraph, find or add the selector paragraph and adjust the first-line-indent. Here is an example:

paragraph {
                first-line-indent: 5pt
                }

You can also indent the first line of a paragraph, except for the first paragraph. To do so, find or add the selector paragraph + paragraph and adjust the first-line-indent. Here is an example:

paragraph + paragraph {
                first-line-indent: 5pt
                }

To adjust the default typography, find the selector defaults and change the name of font-family. Here is an example:

defaults {
                                	font-family: "Optima"
                                	font-size: 12pt
                                	line-height: 24pt
                                	text-alignment: justified
                                	hyphenation: yes
                                }

To adjust the default font size, find the selector defaults and adjust the value of font-size. Here is an example:

defaults {
                                font-family: "Avenir Next"
                                font-size: 14pt
                                line-height: 28pt
                                text-alignment: justified
                                hyphenation: yes
                                }

You can also change the font size of all selectors, such as headings or footnotes. In this case, find the specific selector (for example heading-1) and adjust it to your liking.

Paragraph Text

To define the horizontal alignment of a paragraph’s text, find the selector defaults and add or change text-alignment to left, right, center, justified or auto. Here is an example:

defaults {
                                font-family: "Avenir Next"
                                font-size: 12pt
                                line-height: 24pt
                                text-alignment: left
                                hyphenation: yes
                                }

Headings

To adjust the text-alignment of your headings, please find the selector heading-all:

heading-all {
                                line-height: 100%
                                keep-with-following: true
                                text-alignment: center
                                }

Images & Equations

In Ulysses, images and equations are categorized as figures. To adjust their text-alignment , navigate to the selector paragraph-figure (found under Paragraph styles) and modify the text-alignment  to left, center, or right. Here's an example:

paragraph-figure {
                margin-top: 20pt
                margin-bottom: 10pt
                text-alignment: left
                }

To adjust the placement of your footnotes, find the selector document-settings and change the footnote-placement variable to end-of-document, end-of-section or end-of-page. Here is an example:

document-settings {
                                footnote-enumeration:  per-section
                                footnote-placement:    end-of-document
                                footnote-style:        decimal
                                }

In Ulysses, you can only add the top-level heading or page number to your header or footer. However, a workaround allows you to display customized text in the header or footer of your document.

Find the selector document-settings and add the following text:

page-number-format: "Individual Text / %p";
                                page-number-style: decimal;

Replace the “Individual Text” placeholder with a text of your choice, e.g., the author's name and/or the book title. In case you don’t want your document to contain page numbers, delete %p.  

Afterward, look for the selector area-footer or area-header (depending on where you want to place the custom text) and make sure that the value content is set to page-number. You can also adjust/add the value text-alignment to change the alignment. Here is an example:

area-header {
                                content: page-number
                                text-alignment: center
                                top-spacing: 10mm
                                bottom-spacing: 3mm
                                }

In Ulysses, excessive whitespace is disregarded or removed to comply with the Markdown specification. To increase the spacing between paragraphs, locate the selector paragraph + paragraph and include the lines margin-top and/or margin-bottom. By adjusting the value for margin-top and margin-bottom (here: 2em, you can also use 200% or 20mm), you can adjust the spacing as desired. Here is an example:

paragraph + paragraph {
                margin-top: 2em
                margin-bottom: 2em
                }